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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jul 2013Equine sarcoids are locally aggressive fibroblastic neoplasms considered to be the most common skin tumors of horses worldwide. Bovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 have...
Equine sarcoids are locally aggressive fibroblastic neoplasms considered to be the most common skin tumors of horses worldwide. Bovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 have typically been associated with sarcoids in equids. Investigations aiming to identify papillomavirus strains, aside from bovine papillomaviruses 1 and 2, which might be associated with sarcoid lesions, have been lacking. The aim of this article is to report the identification of a third bovine papillomavirus type, bovine papillomavirus 13, associated with equine sarcoids. Six sarcoid lesions were collected from diverse anatomical sites on two horses from southern Brazil. To detect a broad spectrum of papillomavirus strains, eight degenerate primer pairs designed to detect conserved regions on the L1 and E1 genes were tested on the DNA samples. Direct sequencing was then performed on the obtained amplicons, and sequence identities were compared with sequences from all bovine papillomavirus types. The FAP59/FAP64, MY09/MY11, and AR-E1F2/AR-E1R4 sequences generated from the sarcoids were shown to present 99 to 100% identity with bovine papillomavirus 13, a new bovine papillomavirus type previously described in cattle. The results from this study suggest that there is a need to identify bovine papillomavirus type 13 and other papillomavirus strains that might be associated with sarcoids in diverse geographical areas; such investigations might establish the frequency of occurrence of this viral type in these common tumors of equids.
Topics: Animals; Brazil; DNA, Viral; Horse Diseases; Horses; Molecular Sequence Data; Papillomaviridae; Sarcoidosis; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 23637294
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00371-13 -
Journal of Virology Oct 1994Papillomaviral E2 genes encode proteins that regulate viral transcription. While the full-length bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) E2 peptide is a strong trans... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
trans activation by the full-length E2 proteins of human papillomavirus type 16 and bovine papillomavirus type 1 in vitro and in vivo: cooperation with activation domains of cellular transcription factors.
Papillomaviral E2 genes encode proteins that regulate viral transcription. While the full-length bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) E2 peptide is a strong trans activator, the homologous full-length E2 product of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) appeared to vary in function in previous studies. Here we show that when expressed from comparable constructs, the full-length E2 products of HPV-16 and BPV-1 trans activate a simple E2- and Sp1-dependent promoter up to approximately 100-fold in human keratinocytes and other epithelial cells as well as human and animal fibroblasts. Vaccinia virus-expressed, purified full-length HPV-16 and BPV-1 E2 proteins bound a consensus E2 site with high specific affinities (Kd = approximately 10(-9) M) and stimulated in vitro transcription up to six- to eightfold. In vivo and in vitro trans activation by either E2 protein required cooperation with another activator, such as Sp1, or other factors that interact with papillomavirus promoters, such as AP-1, Oct-1, nuclear factor 1/CTF, transcriptional enhancer factor 1, or USF. The glutamine-rich domain B of Sp1 or the mutually unrelated activation domains of other transcription factors were necessary and sufficient for cooperation with either E2 factor. We conclude that like BPV-1 E2, the HPV-16 E2 protein has the potential to function as a strong activator of viral gene expression in cooperation with cellular transcription factors.
Topics: Base Sequence; Bovine papillomavirus 1; Cell Line; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; Cloning, Molecular; DNA Primers; DNA-Binding Proteins; Genetic Vectors; HeLa Cells; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Oncogene Proteins, Viral; Papillomaviridae; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Restriction Mapping; Transcription Factors; Transcriptional Activation; Transfection; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 8083999
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.68.10.6655-6666.1994 -
Veterinary Research 2008Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) are DNA oncogenic viruses inducing hyperplastic benign lesions of both cutaneous and mucosal epithelia in cattle. Ten (BPV 1-10) different... (Review)
Review
Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) are DNA oncogenic viruses inducing hyperplastic benign lesions of both cutaneous and mucosal epithelia in cattle. Ten (BPV 1-10) different viral genotypes have been characterised so far. BPV 1-10 are all strictly species-specific but BPV 1/2 may also infect equids inducing fibroblastic tumours. These benign lesions generally regress but may also occasionally persist, leading to a high risk of evolving into cancer, particularly in the presence of environmental carcinogenic co-factors. Among these, bracken fern is the most extensively studied. The synergism between immunosuppressants and carcinogenic principles from bracken fern and the virus has been experimentally demonstrated for both urinary bladder and alimentary canal cancer in cows whose diets were based on this plant. BPV associated tumours have veterinary and agricultural relevance in their own right, although they have also been studied as a relevant model of Human papillomavirus (HPV). Recent insights into BPV biology have paved the way to new fields of speculation on the role of these viruses in neoplastic transformation of cells other than epithelial ones. This review will briefly summarise BPV genome organization, will describe in greater detail the functions of viral oncoproteins, the interaction between the virus and co-carcinogens in tumour development; relevant aspects of immunity and vaccines will also be discussed.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 18479666
DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2008022 -
BMC Genomics Dec 2018Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) belongs to the Papillomaviridae family and infects epithelial cells of bovines and closely related animals, causing hyperproliferative... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) belongs to the Papillomaviridae family and infects epithelial cells of bovines and closely related animals, causing hyperproliferative lesions known as warts or papillomas, which may regress or progress to form benign or malignant tumors. The virus enters the host cell and interacts with it by altering the regulation of genes that are responsible for controlling the cell cycle, thus triggering lesion formation. It is not yet known which host genes are regulated by viral infection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to make use of next-generation RNA sequencing methods to identify differentially expressed genes associated with BPV infection, which might elucidate possible marker genes that could be used to control the disease.
RESULTS
Transcriptome analysis revealed that 1343 genes were differentially regulated (FDR < 0.05). A comparison of gene expression in infected and noninfected cows indicated that 655 genes were significantly upregulated, and 688 genes were significantly downregulated. Most differentially expressed genes were associated with BPV infection pathways, which supports the hypothesis that viral infection was the mechanism associated with this regulation.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study that focused on a large-scale evaluation of gene expression associated with BPV infection, which is important to identify possible metabolic pathways regulated by host genes for lesion development. In addition, novel targets could be identified in order to find ligands that interact with BPV, with the aim of interrupting the infection cycle.
Topics: Animals; Bovine papillomavirus 1; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Papillomavirus Infections; RNA, Viral; Sequence Analysis, RNA
PubMed: 30567500
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5361-y -
Molecular Cancer Nov 2011Papillomaviruses (PVs) are established agents of human and animal cancers. They infect cutaneous and mucous epithelia. High Risk (HR) Human PVs (HPVs) are consistently... (Review)
Review
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are established agents of human and animal cancers. They infect cutaneous and mucous epithelia. High Risk (HR) Human PVs (HPVs) are consistently associated with cancer of the uterine cervix, but are also involved in the etiopathogenesis of other cancer types. The early oncoproteins of PVs: E5, E6 and E7 are known to contribute to tumour progression. While the oncogenic activities of E6 and E7 are well characterised, the role of E5 is still rather nebulous. The widespread causal association of PVs with cancer makes their study worthwhile not only in humans but also in animal model systems. The Bovine PV (BPV) system has been the most useful animal model in understanding the oncogenic potential of PVs due to the pivotal role of its E5 oncoprotein in cell transformation. This review will highlight the differences between HPV-16 E5 (16E5) and E5 from other PVs, primarily from BPV. It will discuss the targeting of E5 as a possible therapeutic agent.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cell Transformation, Viral; Humans; Oncogene Proteins, Viral; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 22078316
DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-140 -
Genetics and Molecular Research : GMR Feb 2013Papillomaviruses (PV) are double-stranded DNA viruses that can cause benignant and malignant tumors in amniotes. There are 13 types of bovine papillomavirus (BPV-1 to...
Papillomaviruses (PV) are double-stranded DNA viruses that can cause benignant and malignant tumors in amniotes. There are 13 types of bovine papillomavirus (BPV-1 to -13); they have been found in reproductive tissues and body fluids. Normally these viruses are detected in epithelial tissue. We looked for BPV in the blood of healthy cattle and cattle with papillomatosis, using PCR and RT-PCR. BPV types 1 and 2 were detected in 8/12 blood samples of asymptomatic bovines and in 8/9 samples from cattle with papillomatosis. Six of 8 asymptomatic samples positive for BPV also showed expression for BPV. Five of 6 samples were positive for E2 expression, while 3/6 samples were positive for E5 expression. Five of 8 symptomatic samples positive for BPV also showed BPV expression. Five of 5 were positive for E2 expression, while 1/5 was positive for E5 expression. Two of 6 blood samples of asymptomatic cattle and 1/5 symptomatic blood samples scored positive for both E2 and E5 expression. This is the first study showing expression of BPV genes in the blood of asymptomatic and papillomatosis-affected animals.
Topics: Animals; Bovine papillomavirus 1; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; DNA, Viral; DNA-Binding Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; Papilloma; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 23479176
DOI: 10.4238/2013.February.28.31 -
Virology Oct 2009Infection with bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) or BPV2 induces fibropapillomas in cows and skin sarcoids in horses. Prophylactic vaccination targeting BPV1 and BPV2...
Infection with bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) or BPV2 induces fibropapillomas in cows and skin sarcoids in horses. Prophylactic vaccination targeting BPV1 and BPV2 may reduce the incidence of these economically important diseases. The L1 major capsid proteins of BPV1 and BPV2 were expressed in Sf-9 insect cells and both self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs). Using conformation-dependent monoclonal antibodies (mAb) both type-specific and shared epitopes were detected. Antisera were raised against BPV1 or BPV2 VLP using alum adjuvant, and their (cross)neutralization capacity was tested by C127 neutralization assays using native BPV1 and BPV2 virions, or by BPV1 pseudovirion assay. Antisera induced by either VLP vaccine were able to robustly (cross-)neutralize heterologous as well as homologous types, indicating that BPV1 and BPV2 are closely related serotypes. These results suggest that a monovalent BPV1 (or BPV2) VLP vaccine may potentially protect against both BPV1 and BPV2 infections and associated diseases.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Bovine papillomavirus 1; Capsid Proteins; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cross Reactions; Horse Diseases; Horses; Neutralization Tests; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Rabbits; Vaccines, Virosome
PubMed: 19729180
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.07.036 -
BioMed Research International 2013This report describes the histopathology of two hundred and fifty-three mesenchymal tumors of the urinary bladder in cattle grazing on lands rich in bracken fern....
This report describes the histopathology of two hundred and fifty-three mesenchymal tumors of the urinary bladder in cattle grazing on lands rich in bracken fern. Approximately 80% were hemangiomas and angiosarcomas. Hemangioma (capillary, cavernous, and large vessels) was the most frequent mesenchymal tumor and was more common than angiosarcoma. Although the appearance of endothelial cells can vary remarkably, epithelioid angiosarcomas, often containing multinucleated cells, were the most frequent malignant vascular tumors. Hemangiopericytoma and tumors of muscle and soft connective tissue origin, alone and/or in association with tumor-like lesions, were less frequently seen. Furthermore, forty-five cases of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), a lesion not previously reported in the urinary bladder of cattle, were also described. Bovine papillomavirus type-2 DNA was amplified in tumor samples. Forty vascular tumors were investigated by dual-labeling immunofluorescence, and, for the first time, a coexpression of E5 and platelet-derived growth factor β receptor (PDGF β R) was shown to occur. The results show that the BPV-2 E5 oncoprotein binds to the activated form of the PDGF β receptor thus playing an important role in mesenchymal as well as epithelial carcinogenesis of the urinary bladder. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that BPV-2 infects both epithelial and mesenchymal cells.
Topics: Animals; Blood Vessels; Bovine papillomavirus 1; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Hyperplasia; Mesenchymoma; Neoplasm Proteins; Papillomavirus Infections; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; Urinary Bladder
PubMed: 23862156
DOI: 10.1155/2013/814635 -
Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research... Oct 2016Papillomas occur more frequently in cattle than other domestic animals. The causal agent of bovine papillomatosis is a virus that belongs to the family In Tamaulipas,...
Papillomas occur more frequently in cattle than other domestic animals. The causal agent of bovine papillomatosis is a virus that belongs to the family In Tamaulipas, Mexico, the virus is considered a serious problem and has impeded the export of cattle to the United States, resulting in serious economic losses. Owing to the lack of information regarding the subtypes of papillomaviruses that infect cattle in Mexico, the aim of this study was to determine the subtypes in Tamaulipas. Fifty-two warts were analyzed with the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) involving primers that amplify the E7 gene of bovine papillomavirus (BPV). The PCR products were sequenced to differentiate the BPV-1 and BPV-2 subtypes. The sequencing quality was determined with the use of MEGA 6.0 software. Comparison of the Tamaulipas sequences with those of known BPV types by means of the MUSCLE algorithm showed that 53% of the former were BPV-1 and 47% were BPV-2. The distribution of the 2 subtypes in the cattle was homogeneous. This study demonstrated the presence of BPV-1 and BPV-2 in cattle from Tamaulipas and constitutes the first molecular characterization of papillomas in Mexico.
Topics: Animals; Bovine papillomavirus 1; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Male; Mexico; Papillomavirus Infections; Phylogeny; Warts
PubMed: 27733780
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jul 1984The complete nucleotide sequences of four papillomavirus genomes recently determined (human papillomavirus types 1a and 6b, bovine papillomavirus type 1, and the Shope... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The complete nucleotide sequences of four papillomavirus genomes recently determined (human papillomavirus types 1a and 6b, bovine papillomavirus type 1, and the Shope cottontail rabbit papillomavirus) shed light on the molecular genetics of these epitheliotropic viruses. The organization of the four genomes is very similar, and their comparative analysis suggests new hypotheses about the nature of the viral proteins, their involvement in virus structure, and their interaction with the host cell, the terminally differentiating keratinocyte. It also allows us to consider, at the molecular level, the problem of papillomaviruses' host range and evolutionary relationship.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Biological Evolution; Cattle; DNA, Viral; Genes, Viral; Genetic Code; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Protein Conformation; Rabbits; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 6330226
DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12281115